Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
J'ACCUSE...!
|
J'ACCUSE...! Article by Émile Zola published in a Paris literary newspaper, L'Aurore, on January 13, 1898. In it Zola openly accused military officials of malicious libel leading to the 1894 trial and conviction on false charges of Captain Alfred Dreyfus. An impassioned denunciation of prejudice and injustice, J'accuse has been called the greatest newspaper article of all time. It attracted worldwide attention to the affair and ultimately led to Dreyfus's retrial and acquittal. |
Émile Zola
|
Zola, Émile (1840-1902) France's greatest living novelist at the time, Émile Zola played a crucial role in the Dreyfus Affair with his J'Accuse...!, an open letter to the President of France, which exposed and denounced a conspiracy by the French army to preserve its image by punishing an innocent man. Anatole France termed Zola's fight to correct this gross miscarriage of justice "a moment in the conscience of Man." |
The Dreyfus Case / L'Affaire Dreyfus
|
You will find a particularly up-to-date information in the following sites especially dedicated to the Dreyfus Case, and in the paragraph below: A picture of the original article in L'AURORE You will also learn the importance of the Dreyfus affair in the development of the idea of a State for the Jews, by Theodor Hertzl, at that site: The Dreyfus Affair and Theodor Herzl. And you will also learn about Bernard Lazare,the famous French Jewish writer,see also on Wikipedia, who fought alongside Georges Clemenceau, Emile Zola and other intellectuals in Charles Péguy's circle, for a clear, unambiguous reversal of the original sentence in he Dreyfus Affair. Theodor Hertzl (1860-1904), a young Hungarian Jew, was a Paris correspondent for the Neue Freie Press of Vienna, one of the leading liberal papers in Europe at that time. At the age of 34, he was sent in France in 1894 to cover the trial of Alfred Dreyfus. He was following the trial, verdict, sentencing and the development of the Affair both from a professional and personal standpoint. Initially, Herzl accepted the trial verdict of guilty but doubts soon crept in as tones of the anti-Semitic press grew louder relating Dreyfus' treachery to his Jewish origins. He witnessed mobs shouting "Death to the Jews!" in France, the home of French Revolution, and resolved that there was only one solution: the mass immigration of Jews to a land that they could call their own. To go back to the beginning of the story, in September 1894, French Intelligence discovered that a document containing secret military information ('le bordereau') had been sent to the German embassy in Paris. Although the document was unsigned, suspicion immediately fell on Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a relatively low-ranking officer and the only Jew on the General Staff. Dreyfus was brought to trial, convicted of treason on the flimsiest of evidence and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island, a penal colony in South America. When it later became clear that Dreyfus was innocent, military officials, desperate military officials organized a massive coverup to save face. A bitter twelve-year controversy ensued which divided France into two camps: the 'Dreyfusards,' who believed Dreyfus to be the victim of an appalling miscarriage of justice, and the 'anti-Dreyfusards,' who regarded any questioning of traditional authority as unpatriotic and hence a threat to national security. The controversy was strongly anti-Semitic as well, since many chose to view Dreyfus's supposed treason as proof of an international Jewish conspiracy. The Dreyfusards were for the most part intellectuals (it was during this time that the term was coined) who were outraged by the conduct of the army and saw the case as a classic battle of the rights of the individual versus the power of the state. The most famous among them was the great novelist Émile Zola, whose newspaper article J'Accuse...! (coined by Georges Clémenceau, the owner/editor of the newspaper where the article was published) marked a turning point in the Affair. Zola's article focused public opinion - in France and internationally - on the events surrounding Dreyfus's conviction and was instrumental in securing a revision of the trial that led, ultimately, to his exoneration. In 1906, Dreyfus was formally judged innocent offf the charges brought against him, reinstated in the army, promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and awarded the LLegion of Honor. |
And its influence on Theodor Herzl and Bernard Lazare
|
|
(A comment by Zola on the publication of J'Accuse...!)
|
|
Ces | these |
pages | pages |
ont paru | appeared |
dans | in |
L'Aurore, | L'Aurore (The Dawn):A Parisian literary journal owned and edited by Georges Clémenceau (1841-1929), who later became prime minister of France (1906-09) and (1917-19). He was in particular the architect of the victory of France over the Germans in WWI. He was called " Le Tigre ", The Tiger, for his will of iron during these difficult times of his presidency. |
le 13 janvier 1898. | January 13, 1898 |
Ce qu'on | what we |
ignore, | are unaware of |
c'est | is |
qu'elles | that they (these pages) |
furent | were |
d'abord | first |
imprimées | printed |
en | in |
une | |
brochure, | brochure |
comme | as were |
les | the |
deux | two |
lettres | letters |
précédentes. | preceding |
Au | at the |
moment | time |
de | of |
mettre | putting |
cette | this |
brochure | brochure |
en | on |
vente, | sale |
la | the |
pensée | thought |
me | to me |
vint | came |
de | not translated |
donner | to give |
à | to |
ma | my |
lettre | letter |
une | |
publicité | publicity |
plus large, | wider |
plus | more |
retentissante, | resounding |
en | by |
la | it |
publiant | publishing |
dans | in |
un | |
journal. | newspaper |
L'Aurore | L'Aurore (The Dawn): A Parisian literary newspaper owned and edited by Georges Clémenceau (1841-1929), who later became prime minister of France (1906-09) and (1917-19). He was in particular the architect of the victory of France over the Germans in WWI. He was called " Le Tigre ", The Tiger, for his will of iron during these difficult times of his presidency. |
avait déjà pris parti, | had already taken a stand (The publication of J'accuse was a collective decision. Both the editor of L'Aurore, Georges Clémenceau, and its director, Ernest Vaughan, were involved in plans to publish the article, since their newspaper would be held legally responsible.) |
avec | with |
une | an |
indépendance, | independence |
un | |
courage | courage |
admirables, | admirable |
et | and |
je | |
m'adressai | turned |
naturellement | naturally |
à | to |
elle. | it (the newspaper) |
Depuis | since |
ce | that |
jour, | day |
ce | this |
journal | newspaper |
est devenu | has become |
pour | for |
moi | me |
l'asile, | the refuge |
la | the |
tribune | tribune |
de | of |
liberté, | liberty |
et | and |
de | of |
vérité, | truth |
où | where |
j'ai pu | I have been able |
tout | everything |
dire. | to say |
J'en ai gardé | I have retained |
au | for the |
directeur | director, manager |
M. | Mr. |
Ernest Vaughan | Vaughan, Ernest (1841-1929): Founded L'Aurore in 1897 |
une | |
grande | profound |
reconnaissance | gratitude. |
- Après | after |
la | the |
vente | sale |
de | of |
L'Aurore, | L'Aurore (The Dawn): A Parisian literary newspaper owned and edited by Georges Clémenceau (1841-1929), who later became prime minister of France (1906-09) and (1917-19). He was in particular the architect of the victory of France over the Germans in WWI. He was called " Le Tigre ", The Tiger, for his will of iron during these difficult times of his presidency. |
à | at |
trois | three |
cent | hundred |
mille | thousand |
exemplaires, | copies |
et | and |
les | the |
poursuites judiciaires | legal proceedings |
qui | which |
suivirent, | followed |
la | the |
brochure | brochure |
resta | was still |
même | even |
en magasin. | in the stores |
D'ailleurs, | moreover |
au lendemain de | the day after |
l'acte | the action |
que | which |
j'avais résolu | I had resolved (to take) |
et | and |
accompli, | took |
je | |
croyais | believed |
devoir | to be obliged |
garder le silence | to remain silent |
dans l'attente de | while waiting for |
mon | my |
procès |
trial (Shortly after J'ACCUSE was published, Zola was tried for criminal libel in an obvious attempt by the government to silence him. He was convicted and sentenced to a year in prison but escaped his sentence by fleeing to England, where he lived for a year in exile.) |
et | and |
des | for the |
conséquences | consequences |
que | which |
j'en espérais. | I was hoping would come of it |
Monsieur le Président,
Me permettez-vous, dans ma gratitude pour le bienveillant accueil que vous m'avez fait un jour, d'avoir le souci de votre juste gloire et de vous dire que votre étoile, si heureuse jusqu'ici, est menacée de la plus honteuse, de la plus ineffaçable des taches? Vous êtes sorti sain et sauf des basses calomnies, vous avez conquis les coeurs. Vous apparaissez rayonnant dans l'apothéose de cette fête patriotique que l'alliance russe a été pour la France, et vous vous préparez à présider au solennel triomphe de notre Exposition Universelle, qui couronnera notre grand siècle de travail, de vérité et de liberté. Mais quelle tache de boue sur votre nom - j'allais dire sur votre règne - que cette abominable affaire Dreyfus! Un conseil de guerre vient, par ordre, d'oser acquitter un Esterhazy, soufflet suprême à toute vérité, à toute justice. Et c'est fini, la France a sur la joue cette souillure, l'histoire écrira que c'est sous votre présidence qu'un tel crime social a pu être commis. Puisqu'ils ont osé, j'oserai aussi, moi. La vérité, je la dirai, car j'ai promis de la dire, si la justice régulièrement saisie ne la faisait pas, pleine et entière. Mon devoir est de parler, je ne veux pas être complice. Mes nuits seraient hantées par le spectre de l'innocent qui expie la-bas, dans la plus affreuse des tortures, un crime qu'il n'a pas commis. Et c'est à vous, monsieur le Président que je la crierai, cette vérité, de toute la force de ma révolte d'honnête homme. Pour votre honneur, je suis convaincu que vous l'ignorez. Et à qui donc dénoncerai-je la tourbe malfaisante des vrais coupables, si ce n'est à vous, le premier magistrat du pays? La vérité d'abord sur le procès et sur la condamnation de Dreyfus.Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
J'ACCUSE...!
|
I accuse |
Monsieur le Président, |
Mr. President: Félix Faure (1841-99) sixth president of the Third Republic (1895-99) |
Me permettez-vous, | will you allow me |
dans | in |
ma | my |
gratitude | gratitude |
pour | for |
le | the |
bienveillant | gracious |
accueil | welcome |
que | which |
vous | you |
m'avez fait | extended to me |
un | one |
jour, | day |
d'avoir le souci de | to express my concern for |
votre | your |
juste | much-deserved |
gloire | glory |
et | and |
de | to |
vous | you |
dire | tell |
que | that |
votre | your |
étoile, | star |
si | so |
heureuse | bright |
jusqu'ici, | up until now |
est | is |
menacée | threatened |
de | by |
la | the |
plus | most |
honteuse, | shameful |
de | by |
la | the |
plus | most |
ineffaçable | indelible |
des | of |
taches? | stains |
Vous | you |
êtes sorti | have emerged |
sain et sauf | safe and sound |
des | from |
basses | base |
calomnies, | slander (This refers to a smear campaign waged by the press against Félix Faure's father-in-law) |
vous avez conquis | you have conquered |
les | not translated |
coeurs. | hearts |
Vous | you |
apparaissez | appear |
rayonnant | radiant |
dans | in |
l'apothéose | the apotheosis |
de | of |
cette | this |
fête | feast |
patriotique | patriotic |
que | that |
l'alliance russe | the Franco-Russian Alliance: A Dual Alliance formed by France and Russia to defend themselves against possible attack by the countries of the Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. Its consolidation was a major political achivement for Félix Faure. |
a été | has been |
pour | for |
la France, | France |
et | and |
vous vous préparez | you are preparing |
à | to |
présider | to preside |
au | over the |
solennel | solemn |
triomphe | triumph |
de | of |
notre | our |
Exposition Universelle, | Paris World Fair of 1900 |
qui | which |
couronnera | will crown |
notre | our |
grand | great |
siècle | century |
de | of |
travail, | work, labour |
de | of |
vérité | truth |
et | and |
de | of |
liberté. | liberty |
Mais | but |
quelle | what a |
tache | stain |
de | of |
boue | mud |
sur | on |
votre | your |
nom | name |
- j'allais | I was going |
dire | to say |
sur | on |
votre | your |
règne | reign |
- que | as |
cette | this |
abominable | abominable |
affaire Dreyfus! | Dreyfus Affair: The twelve-year controversy surrounding the trial and conviction for treason of French army captain Alfred Dreyfus. When it became obvious after the trial that Dreyfus was innocent of the charges, high-ranking military officials perpetrated a massive coverup to protect the army's reputation. The affair sparked a bitter controversy that divided the country between pro-Dreyfus and anti-Dreyfus forces. |
Un | |
conseil de guerre | court martial |
vient, | has just |
par ordre, | on orders |
d'oser | dared |
acquitter | to acquit |
un | one |
Esterhazy, | Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923): An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
soufflet | a slap in the face |
suprême | supreme |
à | to |
toute | all |
vérité, | truth |
à | to |
toute | all |
justice. | justice |
Et | and |
c'est | it's |
fini, | too late |
la France | France |
a | has |
sur | on |
la | her |
joue | cheek |
cette | this |
souillure, | blot, blemish |
l'histoire | History |
écrira | will write |
que | that |
c'est | it is |
sous | under |
votre | your |
présidence | presidency |
qu'un | that a |
tel crime social | a crime against society like this |
a pu | could |
être | be |
commis. | committed |
Puisqu'ils | since they |
ont osé, | have dared |
j'oserai aussi, moi. | I, too, will dare. |
La | the |
vérité, | truth |
je | |
la | it |
dirai, | will tell |
car | for |
j'ai promis | I promised |
de | not translated |
la | it (the truth) |
dire, | to tell |
si | if |
la justice régulièrement saisie | the normal avenues of justice |
ne la faisait pas, | did not do it |
pleine | completely |
et | and |
entière. | entirely |
Mon | my |
devoir | duty |
est | is |
de | not translated |
parler, | to speak |
je | |
ne veux pas | do not want |
être | to be |
complice. | an accessory to the fact |
Mes | my |
nuits | nights |
seraient | would be |
hantées | haunted |
par | by |
le | the |
spectre | spectre |
de | of |
l'innocent | the innocent man |
qui | who |
expie | is atoning for |
la-bas, | down there (i.e., on Devil's Island) |
dans | amid |
la | the |
plus | most |
affreuse | frightful |
des | of |
tortures, | tortures |
un | |
crime | crime |
qu'il | that he |
n'a pas | did not |
commis. | commit |
Et | and |
c'est | it is |
à | to |
vous, | you |
monsieur le Président | Mr. President: Félix Faure (1841-99) sixth president of the Third Republic (1895-99) |
que | that |
je | |
la | it |
crierai, | will cry out |
cette | this |
vérité, | truth |
de | with |
toute | all |
la | the |
force | strength |
de | of |
ma | my |
révolte | revolt |
d'honnête homme. | of a decent man |
Pour votre honneur, | to your credit |
je | |
suis | am |
convaincu | convinced |
que | that |
vous | you |
l'ignorez. | are unaware of it |
Et | and |
à | to |
qui | whom |
donc | then |
dénoncerai-je | will I denounce |
la | the |
tourbe | doings |
malfaisante | evil |
des | of the |
vrais | real |
coupables, | culprits |
si | if |
ce n'est à vous, | not to you |
le | the |
premier | first |
magistrat | magistrate |
du | of the |
pays? | country |
La | the |
vérité | truth |
d'abord | first |
sur | about |
le | the |
procès | trial |
et | and |
sur | about |
la | the |
condamnation | condemnation |
de | of |
Dreyfus. | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Un | one |
homme | man |
néfaste | evil |
a tout mené, | has led it all |
a tout fait, | has done it all |
c'est | it is |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
du Paty de Clam | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916): A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
alors | at the time |
simple | a simple |
commandant. | major |
Il | he |
est | is |
l'affaire Dreyfus | the Dreyfus Affair: The twelve-year controversy surrounding the trial and conviction for treason of French army captain Alfred Dreyfus in 1894. When it became obvious after the trial that Dreyfus was innocent of the charges, high-ranking military officials perpetrated a massive coverup to protect the army's reputation. The affair sparked a bitter controversy that divided the country between pro-Dreyfus and anti-Dreyfus forces. |
tout entière; | the whole |
on ne la connaîtra que | we will not understand it |
losqu'une | until a |
enquête | inquiry, investigation |
loyale | fair |
aura établi | has established |
nettement | clearly |
ses | his |
actes | actions |
et | and |
ses | his |
responsabilités. | responsibilities |
Il | he |
apparaît | appears |
comme | as |
l'esprit | the mind |
le | the |
plus | most |
fumeux, | confused |
le | the |
plus | most |
compliqué, | complicated |
hanté | haunted |
d'intrigues | by intrigues |
romanesques, | melodramatic |
se complaisant | delighting |
aux | in the |
moyens | means used |
des | in |
romans-feuilletons, | cheap novels |
les | not translated |
papiers | papers |
volés, | stolen |
les | not translated |
lettres | letters |
anonymes, | anonymous |
les | not translated |
rendez-vous | rendez-vous |
dans | in |
les | not translated |
endroits | places |
déserts, | deserted |
les | not translated |
femmes | women |
mystérieuses | mysterious |
qui | who |
colportent, | peddle |
de nuit, | by night |
les | not translated |
preuves | evidence |
accablantes. | damaging |
C'est | it is |
lui | he |
qui | who |
imagina | thought |
de | of |
dicter | dictating |
le | the |
bordereau | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
à | to |
Dreyfus; | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
c'est | it is |
lui | he |
qui | who |
rêva | thought |
de | of |
l'étudier | examining it |
dans | in |
une | |
pièce | room |
entièrement | completely |
revêtue | lined |
de | with |
glaces; | mirrors |
c'est | it is |
lui | he |
que | whom |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
Forzinetti | Forzinetti, Ferdinand (1839-1909) Director of the prison where Alfred Dreyfus was jailed in 1894. He was convinced from the beginning of Dreyfus's innocence. |
nous | to us |
représente | represents |
armé | armed |
d'une | with a |
lanterne | lantern |
sourde, | dark |
voulant | wishing |
se faire introduire | to gain entrance |
près de | to the quarters of |
l'accusé | the accused man |
endormi, | sleeping |
pour | in order |
projeter | to flash |
sur | onto |
son | his |
visage | face |
un | |
brusque | sudden |
flot | flood |
de | of |
lumière | light |
et | and |
surprendre ainsi son crime, | surprise him into making a confession |
dans | in |
l'émoi | the confusion |
du | of |
réveil. | waking up |
Et | and |
je n'ai pas à | I don't have |
tout | everything |
dire, | to reveal |
qu'on | let them |
cherche, | search |
on | they |
trouvera. | will find (what is to be found) |
Je | |
déclare | state |
simplement | simply |
que | that |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
du Paty de Clam | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916): A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
chargé | in charge |
d'instruire | of investigating |
l'affaire Dreyfus, | the Dreyfus Affair: the twelve-year controversy surrounding the trial and conviction for treason of French army captain Alfred Dreyfus in 1894. When it became obvious after the trial that Dreyfus was innocent of the charges, high-ranking military officials perpetrated a massive coverup to protect the army's reputation. The affair sparked a bitter controversy that divided the country between pro-Dreyfus and anti-Dreyfus forces. |
comme | in his capacity as a |
officier judiciaire, | criminal police officer |
est, | is |
dans l'ordre | in terms of |
des dates | chronological events |
et | and |
responsabilités, | responsibilities |
le | the |
premier coupable | the guiltiest person |
de | in |
l'effroyable | the appalling |
erreur judiciaire | miscarriage of justice |
qui | which |
a été commise. | has been committed |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Le | the |
bordereau | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
était | had been |
depuis | for |
quelque | some |
temps | time |
déjà | already |
entre | in |
les | the |
mains | hands |
du | of |
Colonel | Colonel |
Sandherr, | Sandherr, Jean (1846-97) Head of the Intelligence Bureau at the start of the Dreyfus Affair. |
directeur | director, head |
du | of the |
bureau des renseignements, | Intelligence Bureau |
mort | dead |
depuis | since then |
de | of |
paralysie | paralysis |
générale. | general |
Des | not translated |
fuites | leaks |
avaient lieu, | had occurred |
des | not translated |
papiers | papers |
disparaissaient, | disappeared |
comme | just as |
il en disparaît | papers are disappearing |
aujourd'hui | today |
encore; | still |
et | and |
l'auteur | the author |
du | of the |
bordereau | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
était | was |
recherché, | sought |
lorsqu'un | when a |
a priori | biased conviction |
se fit | was formed (fit: passé simple of 'faire') |
peu à peu | little by little |
que | that |
cet | this |
auteur | author |
ne pouvait être qu'un | could only be an |
officier | officer |
de | from |
l'état-major, | the General Staff |
et | and |
un | an |
officier d'artillerie: | artillery officer |
double | double |
erreur | error |
manifeste, | obvious |
qui | which |
montre | shows |
avec quel esprit superficiel | how superficially |
on avait étudié | they had examined |
ce | this |
bordereau, | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
car | for |
un | |
examen | examination |
raisonné | rational |
démontre | proves |
qu'il | that it |
ne pouvait s'agir que d'un | could only be the work of an |
officier de troupe. | infantry officer |
On | they |
cherchait | searched |
donc | consequently |
dans | throughout |
la | the |
maison, | premises |
on | they |
examina | examined |
les | the |
écritures, | handwriting samples |
c'était | it was |
une | |
affaire de famille, | family matter |
un | |
traître | traitor |
à surprendre | was to be caught in the act |
dans | in |
les | the |
bureaux | offices |
mêmes, | themselves |
pour | in order |
l'en expulser. | to expel him from those offices |
Et, | and |
sans que | without |
je veuille | my wanting |
refaire | to repeat |
ici | here |
une | |
histoire | story |
connue | already known |
en | in |
partie, | part |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
du Paty de Clam | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916) A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted the facts of the case and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
entre en scène, | enters the scene |
dès qu'un | as soon as a |
premier | first |
soupçon | suspicion |
tombe | falls |
sur | on |
Dreyfus. | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935) A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
À partir de ce moment, | from that moment on |
c'est | it is |
lui | he (du Paty de Clam) |
qui | who |
a inventé | invented |
Dreyfus, | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935) A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
l'affaire | the affair |
devient | became |
son | his |
affaire, | affair |
il | he |
se fait fort de | was confident he could |
confondre | confound |
le | the |
traitre, | traitor |
de | that he could |
l'amener | trick him |
à des | into a |
aveux | confession |
complets. | complete |
Il y a bien | there is of course |
le | the |
ministre de la Guerre, | War Minister |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Mercier, | Mercier, Auguste (1833-1921) Minister of War from December 1893 to January 1895. He was responsible for Dreyfus's conviction and consistently maintained, in the face of all evidence to the contrary, that Dreyfus was guilty. |
dont | whose |
l'intelligence | intelligence |
semble | seems |
médiocre; | mediocre |
il y a bien | there is of course |
le | the |
chef | chief |
de | of |
l'état-major, | the General Staff |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Boisdeffre | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Charles (1839-1919) Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
qui | who |
paraît | appears |
avoir cédé | to have given in |
à | to |
sa | his |
passion | passion |
cléricale, | clerical (that is, he sided with the Roman Catholic clergy, which was strongly anti-Dreyfus) |
et | and |
le | the |
sous-chef | Deputy Chief |
de | of |
l'état-major, | the General Staff |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Gonse, | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917) Deputy Chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence.When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted Picquart's efforts to reopen the investigation by removing him from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
dont | whose |
la | not translated |
conscience | conscience |
a pu | was able |
s'accommoder de | to adapt to |
beaucoup de | a good many |
choses. | things |
Mais, | but |
au fond, | at the bottom of it all |
il n'y a | there was |
d'abord | from the first |
que | only |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
du Paty de Clam, | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916) A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
qui | who |
les | them |
mène | led |
tous, | all |
qui | who |
les | them |
hypnotise, | hypnotized |
car | for |
il | he |
s'occupe | dabbles |
aussi | also |
de | in |
spiritisme, | spiritualism |
d'occultisme, | in occultism |
il | he |
converse | communes |
avec | with |
les | not translated |
esprits. | spirits |
On ne saurait concevoir | one can scarcely imagine |
les | the |
expériences | experiences |
auxquelles | to which |
il | he |
a soumis | subjected |
le | the |
malheureux | unfortunate |
Dreyfus, | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
les | the |
pièges | traps |
dans | into |
lesquels | which |
il | he |
a voulu | wanted |
le faire tomber, | to have him fall |
les | the |
enquêtes | inquiries, investigations |
folles, | crazy |
les | the |
imaginations | fantasies |
monstrueuses, | monstrous |
toute une démence torturante. | a whole demented, agonizing fabrication |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Ah! | Ah! |
cette | this |
première | first |
affaire, | affair |
elle | it |
est | is |
un | |
cauchemar, | nightmare |
pour | for |
qui | whoever |
la | it |
connaît | knows |
dans | in |
ses | its |
détails | details |
vrais! | true |
Le | not translated |
Commandant | Major |
du Paty de Clam | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916) A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted the facts of the case and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
arrête | arrests |
Dreyfus, | Dreyfus |
le | him |
met | puts |
au secret. | in solitary confinement |
Il | he |
court | runs |
chez | to the home of |
madame Dreyfus, | Dreyfus, Lucie (1869-1945) Wife of Alfred |
la | her |
terrorise, | terrorizes |
lui | her |
dit | tells |
que, | that |
si | if |
elle | she |
parle, | speaks out |
son | her |
mari | husband |
est | is |
perdu. | lost |
Pendant | during |
ce | this |
temps, | time |
le | the |
malheureux | unfortunate man |
s'arrachait la chair, | was tearing his hair out |
hurlait | crying out |
son | his |
innocence. | innocence |
Et | and |
l'instruction | the inquiry |
a été faite | was conducted |
ainsi, | in this way |
comme | as |
dans | in |
une | |
chronique | chronicle |
du | of the |
XVe | fifteenth |
siècle, | century |
au milieu du | amidst |
mystère, | mystery |
avec une complication | complicated by |
d'expédients farouches, | the wildest schemes |
tout | all |
cela | that |
basé | based |
sur | on |
une | |
seule | single |
charge | accusation |
enfantine, | childish |
ce | this |
bordereau | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
imbécile, | idiotic |
qui | which |
n'était pas | was not |
seulement | only |
une | |
trahison | treason |
vulgaire, | commonplace |
qui | (but) which |
était | was |
aussi | also |
la | the |
plus | most |
impudente | brazen |
des | of |
escroqueries, | swindles |
car | since |
les | the |
fameux | famous |
secrets | secrets |
livrés | passed on |
se trouvaient | were |
presque | almost |
tous | all |
sans valeur. | worthless |
Si | if |
j'insiste, | I insist |
c'est que | it's because |
l'oeuf est ici | this is the egg |
d'où | from which |
va | was going |
sortir | to hatch |
plus tard | later |
le | the |
vrai | real |
crime, | crime |
l'épouvantable | the appalling |
déni | denial |
de | of |
justice | justice |
dont la France est malade. | which is poisoning France |
Je | |
voudrais | would like |
faire toucher du doigt | to point out exactly |
comment | how |
l'erreur judiciaire | this miscarriage of justice |
a pu être | was made |
possible, | possible |
comment | how |
elle | it |
est née | originated |
des | from the |
machinations | machinations |
du | of |
commandant | Major |
du Paty de Clam, | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916) A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted the facts of the case and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
comment | how |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Mercier, | Mercier, Auguste (1833-1917): Mnister of War from December 1893 to January 1895. He was responsible for Dreyfus's conviction and consistently maintained, in the face of all evidence to the contrary, that Dreyfus was guilty. |
les | not translated |
généraux | Generals |
Boisdeffre | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Charles (1839-1919) Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
et | and |
Gonse, | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917) Deputy Chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence.When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
ont pu | could |
s'y laisser prendre, | be taken in by it |
engager | (how they could) assume |
peu à peu | little by little |
leur | not translated |
responsabilité | responsibility |
dans | for |
cette | this |
erreur, | error |
qu'ils | (to the extent that) they |
ont cru | believed |
devoir, | they had a duty |
plus tard, | later |
imposer | to impose |
comme | as |
la | the |
vérité | truth |
sainte, | sacred |
une | |
vérité | truth |
qui | which |
ne se discute même pas. | does not even lend itself to discussion |
Au | at the |
début, | beginning |
il n'y a donc, | there is |
de leur part, | on their part |
que | only |
de | not translated |
l'incurie | negligence |
et | and |
de | not translated |
l'inintelligence. | lack of intelligence |
Tout au plus, | at the very most |
les sent-on céder | one feels they were swayed |
aux | by the |
passions | passions |
religieuses | religious |
du | of the |
milieu | environment |
et | and |
aux | by the |
préjugés | prejudices |
de | formed by |
l'esprit de corps. | esprit de corps |
Ils | they |
ont laissé faire la sottise. | let stupidity win the day |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Mais | but |
voici | here is |
Dreyfus | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
devant | before |
le | the |
conseil de guerre. | court-martial |
Le | the |
huis clos | secrecy |
le plus absolu | the most total, absolute |
est | is |
exigé. | required |
Un | (if) a |
traitre | traitor |
aurait ouvert | had opened |
la | the |
frontière | borders (of France) |
à | to |
l'ennemi | the enemy |
pour | to |
conduire | lead |
l'empereur | the emperor |
allemand | German |
jusqu'à | straight to |
Notre Dame, | Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris |
qu'on | people |
ne prendrait pas | would not have taken |
des | not translated |
mesures | measures, steps |
de | of |
silence | secrecy |
et | and |
de | of |
mystère | mystery |
plus étroites. | more stringent |
La | the |
nation | nation |
est | is |
frappée de stupeur, | stupefied |
on | people |
chuchote | whisper |
des | about |
faits | doings |
terribles, | terrible |
de | about |
ces | these |
trahisons | betrayals |
monstrueuses | monstruous |
qui | which |
indignent | outrage |
l'Histoire; | History |
et | and |
naturellement | of course |
la | the |
nation | nation |
s'incline. | believes all this |
Il n'y a pas de | there is no |
châtiment | punishment |
assez | enough |
sévère, | harsh |
elle | it (the nation) |
applaudira à | will applaud |
la | the |
dégradation publique, | public degradation (of the traitor) |
elle | it (the nation) |
voudra que | will demand that |
le | the |
coupable | guilty man |
reste | stay |
sur | on |
son | his |
rocher | rock (Devil's Island, the penal colony where Dreyfus was imprisoned) |
d'infamie, | infamous |
dévoré | consumed |
par | with |
le | not translated |
remords. | remorse |
Est-ce donc vrai, | are they really true |
les | the |
choses | things |
indicibles, | unspeakable |
les | the |
choses | things |
dangereuses, | dangerous |
capables | capable |
de | of |
mettre l'Europe en flammes, | igniting tensions throughout Europe |
qu'on a dû | that had to be |
enterrer | concealed |
soigneusement | carefully |
derrière | behind |
ce | these |
huis clos? | closed doors |
Non! | No |
il n'y a eu, | there was nothing |
derrière, | behind (all the fuss) |
que | except |
les | the |
imaginations | fantasies |
romanesques | melodramatic |
et | and |
démentes | demented |
du | of |
commandant | Major |
du Paty de Clam. | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916) A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted the facts of the case and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
Tout cela | all that fuss |
n'a été fait que | was only made |
pour | to |
cacher | hide |
le | the |
plus | most |
saugrenu | ludicrous, farcical |
des | of |
romans-feuilletons. | cheap novels |
Et | and |
il suffit, | all one needs |
pour | to |
s'en assurer, | be convinced of it |
d'étudier | (is) to examiine |
attentivement | attentively |
l'acte d'accusation, | the indictment |
lu | read |
devant | before |
le | the |
conseil de guerre. | court martial |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Ah! | Ah |
le | the |
néant | emptiness, meaninglessness |
de | of |
cet | this |
acte d'accusation! | indictment |
Qu'un | that a |
homme | man |
ait pu être | could have been |
condamné | condemned |
sur | based on |
cet | this |
acte, | indictment |
c'est | is |
un | |
prodige d'iniquité. | mind-boggling act of iniquity |
Je | |
défie | challenge |
les | not translated |
gens | people |
honnêtes | decent |
de | to |
le | it |
lire, | read |
sans que | without |
leur | their |
coeur | hearts |
bondisse | leap up |
d'indignation | with indignation |
et | and |
crie | crying out |
leur | their |
révolte, | revulsion |
en pensant | at the thought |
à | of |
l'expiation | the punishment (suffered by Dreyfus) |
démesurée, | extreme and inordinate |
la-bas, | down there |
à | on |
l'île du Diable. | Devil's Island: penal colony off the coast of French Guyana where Dreyfus was serving a life sentence |
Dreyfus | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
sait | knows |
plusieurs | several |
langues, | languages |
crime; | it's a crime |
on n'a trouvé | there was found |
chez lui | in his home |
aucun | not a single |
papier | paper |
compromettant, | compromising |
crime; | it's a crime |
il | he |
va | goes |
parfois | sometimes |
dans | to |
son | his |
pays d'origine, | home province |
crime; | it's a crime |
il | he |
est | is |
laborieux, | hardworking |
il | he |
a le souci | is eager |
de | to |
tout | everything |
savoir | know, |
crime; | it's a crime |
il | he |
ne se trouble pas, | he is unruffled |
crime; | it's a crime |
il | he |
se trouble, | gets upset |
crime. | it's a crime |
Et | and |
les naïvetés de rédaction, | the naive wording |
les | the |
formelles assertions | claims |
dans le vide! | wholly unfounded |
On | they |
nous | to us |
avait parlé | spoke |
de | of |
quatorze | fourteen |
chefs d'accusation: | counts (for indictment) |
nous | (but) we |
n'en trouvons qu'une | can find only |
seul | one |
en fin de compte, | when all is said and done |
celle | that |
du | of the |
bordereau; | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
et | and |
nous | we |
apprenons | learn |
même | even |
que | that |
les | the |
experts | experts |
n'étaient pas | were not |
d'accord, | in agreement |
qu'un d'eux, | that one of them |
M. Gobert, | Gobert, Alfred (b.1848) A graphologist appointed by the Justice Minister to appraise the handwriting on the bordereau. Gobert's inability to reach a definite conclusion about the identity of the author led General Mercier to bring in another expert, Alphonse Bertillon, who obligingly declared the handwriting to be that of Dreyfus. |
a été | was |
bousculé | put under pressure |
militairement, | by the military |
parce qu'il | because he |
se permettait de | took the liberty of |
ne pas conclure dans le sens désiré. | not coming to the desired conclusion |
On | they |
parlait | spoke |
aussi | also |
de | of |
vingt-trois | twenty-three |
officiers | officers |
qui | who |
étaient venus | had come |
accabler | to condemn |
Dreyfus | (Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
de | with |
leurs | their |
témoignages. | testimony |
Nous | we |
ignorons | know nothing about |
encore | still |
leurs | their |
interrogatoires, | interrogations |
mais | but |
il | it |
est | is |
certain | certain |
que | that |
tous ne l'avaient pas chargé; | not everyone spoke against him |
et | and |
il | it |
est | is |
à | to |
remarquer, | be noted |
en outre, | furthermore |
que | that |
tous | all of them (the twenty-three officers) |
appartenaient | were from |
les | the |
bureaux de la guerre. | offices of the War Ministry |
C'est | this is |
un | |
procès de famille, | family trial |
on est là entre soi, | all are among family |
et | and |
il faut s'en souvenir: | this has to be kept in mind |
l'état-major | the General Staff |
a voulu | wanted |
le | the |
procès, | the trial |
l'a jugé, | judged him (Dreyfus) |
et | and |
il vient de | it has just |
le | him (Dreyfus) |
juger | judged |
une | |
seconde | second |
fois. | time |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Donc, | and so |
il ne restait que | all that was left was |
le | the |
bordereau, | note, clip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
sur | about |
lequel | which |
les | the |
experts | experts |
ne s'étaient pas entendus. | had not been able to agree |
On | they |
raconte | say |
que, | that |
dans | in |
la | the |
chambre de conseil, | council chambers |
les | the |
juges | judges |
allaient naturellement acquitter. | were naturally in favour of acquittal |
Et, | and |
dès lors, | if so |
comme l'on comprend | it is easy to understand |
l'obstination | the stubbornness |
désespérée | desperate |
avec | with |
laquelle, | which |
pour | in order |
justifier | to justify |
la | the |
condamnation, | condemnation (of Dreyfus) |
on | they |
affirme | affirm |
aujourd'hui | today |
l'existence | the existence |
d'une | of a |
pièce | document |
secrète, | secret |
accablante, | damaging |
la | the |
pièce | document |
qu'on ne peut montrer, | that cannot be revealed |
qui | (but) which |
légitime tout, | makes everything legitimate |
devant | before |
laquelle | which |
nous | we |
devons | must |
nous incliner, | bow |
le bon Dieu | (as before) a God |
invisible | invisible |
et | and |
méconnaissable! | unknowable |
Je | |
la | it |
nie, | deny |
cette | this |
pièce, | document |
je | |
la | it |
nie | deny |
de | with |
toute | all |
ma | my |
puissance! | power |
Une | |
pièce | document |
ridicule, | ridiculous |
oui, | yes |
peut-être | perhaps |
la | the |
pièce | document |
où il est question de | which talks about |
petites femmes, | easy women |
et | and |
où il est parlé d'un | which discusses a |
certain | certain |
D... | D... |
qui | who |
devient | is becoming |
trop | too |
exigeant: | demanding |
quelque | some |
mari | husband |
sans doute | doubtless |
trouvant | complaining |
qu'on ne lui payait pas sa femme assez cher. | he was not getting paid enough for his wife |
Mais | but |
une | |
pièce | document |
intéressant | concerning |
la | the |
défense | defence |
nationale, | national |
qu'on ne saurait produire | that could not be produced |
sans que | without |
la | not translated |
guerre | war |
fût déclarée | being declared |
demain, | tomorrow (i.e., right away) |
non, | non |
non! | non |
C'est | it is |
un | |
mensonge! | lie |
et | and |
cela | that |
est | is |
d'autant plus | all the more |
odieux | odious |
et | and |
cynique | cynical |
qu'ils | that they |
mentent | are lying |
impunément | with impunity |
sans qu'on puisse | without anyone being able |
les | them |
en | of it |
convaincre. | to convict |
Ils | they |
ameutent | are agitating |
la France | France |
ils | they |
se cachent | are hiding |
derrière | behind |
sa | its (i.e., the country's) |
légitime | legitimate |
émotion, | emotion |
ils | they |
ferment | close |
les | not translated |
bouches | mouths |
en | by |
troublant | disturbing |
les | not translated |
coeurs, | hearts |
en | by |
pervertissant | perverting |
les | not translated |
esprits. | minds |
Je | |
ne connais pas | do not know |
de plus grand | a greater |
crime civique. | crime against society |
Voilà donc, | These are |
Monsieur le Président, | Mr. President: Félix Faure (1841-99) sixth president of the Third Republic (1895-99) |
les | the |
faits | facts |
qui | which |
expliquent | explain |
comment | how |
une | |
erreur judiciaire | miscarriage of justice |
a pu | came |
être | to be |
commise; | committed |
et | and |
les | the |
preuves | proof |
morales, | moral |
la | the |
sitaution | situation |
de fortune | financial |
de | of |
Dreyfus, | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
l'absence | the absence |
de | of |
motifs, | motives |
son | his |
continuel | continual |
cri | cry |
d'innocence, | of innocence |
achèvent de | are all that is needed |
le | him |
montrer | to show |
comme | as |
une | |
victime | victim |
des | of the |
extraordinaires | extraordinary |
imaginations | imagination |
du | of |
commandant | Major |
du Paty de Clam, | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916): A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
du | of the |
milieu clérical | religious mindset of the environment |
où | in which |
il | he |
se trouvait, | moved |
de | of |
la | the |
chasse | hunt |
aux | for |
«sales | dirty |
juifs», | Jews |
qui | which |
déshonore | dishonors |
notre | our |
époque. | period of history |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Et | and now |
nous | we |
arrivons | come |
à | to |
l'affaire | the affair |
Esterhazy. | Walsin-Esterhazy, Fredinand (1847-1923): A French officer who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
Trois | three |
ans | years |
se sont passés, | have passed |
beaucoup de | many |
consciences | consciences |
restent | remain |
troublées | troubled |
profondément, | profoundly |
s'inquiètent, | worry |
cherchent | search, |
finissent par | end up |
se convaincre | becoming convinced |
de | of |
l'innocence | the innocence |
de | of |
Dreyfus. | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
Je | |
ne ferai pas | will not recount |
l'historique | the story |
des | of the |
doutes, | doubts |
puis | then |
de | of |
la | the |
conviction | conviction |
de | of |
M. | Mr. |
Scheurer-Kestner. | Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste (1833-99): Vice-president of the Senate (1895-98). After gathering information on the Dreyfus Affair, he became convinced of Dreyfus's innocence and conducted a press campaign for his rehabilitation. |
Mais, | but |
pendant qu'il | while he |
fouillait de son côté, | was conducting his own investigation |
il se passait des faits graves | serious events were taking place |
à | within |
l'état-major | the General Staff |
même. | itself |
Le | not translated |
colonel | colonel |
Sandherr | Sandherr, Jean (1846-97): Head of the Intelligence Bureau at the start of the Dreyfus Affair. |
était mort, | had died |
et | and |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
Picquart | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914): Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus was convicted.After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
lui avait succédé | had succeeded him |
comme | as |
chef | head |
du | of the |
bureau des renseignements. | Intelligence Bureau |
Et | and |
c'est | it was |
à ce titre, | in this capacity |
dans | in |
l'exercice | the exercise |
de | of |
ses | his |
fonctions, | duties |
que | that |
ce dernier | the latter (Picquart) |
eut | received |
un | one |
jour | day |
entre les mains | in his hands |
une | |
lettre-télégramme, | letter-telegram |
adressée | adressed |
àu | to |
commandant | Major |
Esterhazy, | Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923): An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
par | by |
un | an |
agent | agent |
d'une | of a |
puissance | power |
étrangère. | foreign |
Son | his |
devoir | duty |
strict | strict |
était | was |
d'ouvrir | to open |
une | an |
enquête. | inquiry, investigation |
La | the |
certitude | certainty |
est | is |
qu'il | that he |
n'a jamais agi | never acted |
en dehors de | outside |
la | the |
volonté | wishes |
de | of |
ses | his |
supérieurs. | superiors. |
Il | he |
soumit | submitted |
donc | consequently |
ses | his |
soupÁons | suspicions |
à | to |
ses | his |
supérieurs | superiors |
hiérarchiques, | hierarchical |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Gonse, | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917): Deputy chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence. When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
puis | then |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Boisdeffre, | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Charles (1839-1919): Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
puis | then |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot, | Billont, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907): Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
qui | who |
avait succédé | had succeeded |
au | not translated |
général | General |
Mercier | Mercier, Auguste (1833-1921): Minister of War from December 1893 to January 1895. He was responsible for Dreyfus's conviction and consistently maintained, in the face of all evidence to the contrary, that Dreyfus was guilty. |
comme | as |
ministre de la guerre. | Minister of War |
Le | the |
fameux | famous |
dossier Picquart | Picquart file |
dont | of which |
il a été tant parlé, | so much has been said |
n'a jamais été que | was never anything but |
le | the |
dossier Billot, | Billot file |
j'entends | I mean |
le | the |
dossier | file |
fait | made |
par | by |
un | |
subordonné | subaltern |
pour | for |
son | his |
ministre, | minister |
le | the |
dossier | file |
qui | which |
doit | must |
exister | exist |
encore | still |
au | at the |
ministère de la Guerre. | War Ministry |
Les | the |
recherches | research |
durèrent | lasted |
de | from |
mai | May |
à | to |
septembre | September |
1896, | 1896 |
et | and |
ce qu'il faut | what must |
affirmer | be stated |
bien haut, | in no uncertain terms |
c'est que | is that |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Gonse | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917): Deputy-chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence.When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
était | was |
convaincu | convinced |
de | of |
la | the |
culpabilité | guilt |
d'Esterhazy, | of Esterhazy (Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand )(1847-1923) An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus affair. |
c'est que | is that |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Boisdeffre | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Charles (1839-1919) Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
et | and |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot | Bilot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907) Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
ne mettait pas en doute | did not question the fact |
que | that |
le | the |
bordereau | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document delivered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
ne fût | was |
de | in |
l'écriture | the handwriting |
d'Esterhazy. | of Esterhazy (Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923) An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
L'enquête | the inquiry, investigation |
du | of |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
Picquart | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914) Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus was convicted. After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
avait | had |
abouti | resulted |
à | in |
cette | this |
constatation | conclusion |
certaine. | undeniable |
Mais | but |
l'émoi était grand, | feelings ran high |
car | because |
la | the |
condamnation | condemnation |
d'Esterhazy | of Esterhazy (Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923) An officer in the french army who offered to sell information to the Gereman military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
entraînait | involved |
iniévitablement | inevitably |
la | the |
révision | revision |
du | of the |
procès Dreyfus; | Dreyfus trial |
et | and |
c'était | this was |
ce que | what |
l'état-major | the General Staff |
ne voulait | wanted to avoid |
à aucun prix. | at any price |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Il dut y avoir là | there must then have been |
une | |
minute | minute |
psychologique | psychological |
pleine | full |
d'angoisse. | anguish |
Remarquez | note |
que | that |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot | Billot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907) Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
n'était compromis dans rien, | was in no way compromised |
il | he |
arrivait tout frais, | had only just arrived |
il | he |
pouvait | could have |
faire la vérité. | made the truth known |
Il | he |
n'osa pas, | did not dare (do this) |
dans la terror | terrified |
sans doute | doubtlessly |
de | of |
l'opinion | opinion |
publique, | public |
certainement | certainly |
aussi | also |
dans | in |
la | the |
crainte | fear |
de | of |
livrer | handing over |
tout | the whole |
l'état-major, | General Staff |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Boisdeffre, | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Charles (1839-1919) Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Gonse, | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917) Deputy chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence. When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
sans | not |
compter | counting |
les | the |
sous-ordres. | subalterns |
Puis, | then |
ce ne fut là | there was |
qu'une | only a single |
minute | minute |
de | of |
combat | struggle |
entre | between |
sa | his |
conscience | conscience |
et | and |
ce qu'il | what he |
croyait | believed |
être | to be |
l'intérêt militaire. | the best interests of the military |
Quand | when |
cette | this |
minute | minute |
fut passée, | had passed |
il | it |
était | was |
déjà | already |
trop | too |
tard. | late |
Il s'était engagé, | his choice was made |
il | he |
était | was |
compromis. | compromised |
Et, | and |
depuis | since |
lors, | then |
sa | his |
responsabilité | responsibility |
n'a fait que grandir, | continued to increase |
il | he |
a pris à sa charge | took on, assumed |
le | the |
crime | crime |
des | of the |
autres, | others |
il | he |
est | is |
aussi | as |
coupable | guilty |
que | as |
les | the |
autres, | others |
il | he |
est | is |
plus coupable | guiltier |
qu'eux, | than they are |
car | because |
il | he |
a été maître de | had the power to |
faire justice, | see justice was done |
et | and |
il | he |
n'a rien fait. | did nothing |
Comprenez-vous cela! | Can you understand that |
Voici un an | it has been a year now |
que | that |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot, | Billot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907) Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
que | that |
les | not translated |
généraux | Generals |
de Boisdeffre | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Chalres (1838-1919) Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
et | and |
Gonse | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917) Deputy chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence. When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
savent | know |
que | that |
Dreyfus | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
est | is |
innocent, | innocent |
et | and |
ils | they |
ont gardé | have kept |
pour | to |
eux | themselves |
cette | this |
effroyable | appalling |
chose! | awareness |
Et | and |
ces gens-là | these people |
dorment, | sleep |
et | and |
ils | they |
ont | have |
des | not translated |
femmes | wives |
et | and |
des | not translated |
enfants | children |
qu'ils | that they |
aiment! | love |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
Picquart | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914) Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus was convicted. After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
avait | had |
rempli | fulfilled |
son | his |
devoir | duty |
d'honnête homme. | as a decent man |
Il | he |
insistait | insisted |
auprès de | to |
ses | his |
supérieurs, | superiors |
au | in the |
nom | name |
de | of |
la | not translated |
justice. | justice |
Il | he |
les | thems |
suppliait | begged |
même, | even |
il | he |
leur | them |
disait | told |
combien | how |
leurs | their |
délais | stalling |
étaient | was |
impolitiques, | inexpedient |
devant | in the face of |
le | the |
terrible | terrible |
orage | storm |
qui | which |
s'amoncelait, | was gathering force |
qui | which |
devait | was going to |
éclater, | break out |
lorsque | when |
la | the |
vérité | truth |
serait connue. | became known |
Ce fut, | These were |
plus tard, | later on |
le | the |
langage | words |
que | that |
M. | Mr. |
Scheurer-Kestner | Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste (1833-99) Vice-president of the Senate (1895-98). After gathering information on the Dreyfus Affair, he became convinced of Dreyfus's innocence and conducted a press campaign for his rehabilitation. |
tint | used |
également | also |
au | with |
général | General |
Billot, | Billot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907) Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1989. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
l'adjurant | imploring him |
par | out of |
patriotisme | patriotism |
de | to |
prendre en main | take chare of |
l'affaire, | the affair |
de ne pas la laisser | to prevent things from |
s'aggraver, | getting worse |
au | to the |
point | point |
de | of |
devenir | becoming |
un | |
désastre | disaster |
publique. | public |
Non! | no |
Le | the |
crime | crime |
était | had been |
commis, | committed |
l'état-major | the General Staff |
ne pouvait plus | could no longer |
avouer | admit to |
son | its |
crime. | crime |
Et | and |
le | not translated |
Picquart | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914) Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus was convicted. After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
fut | was |
envoyé | sent away |
en | on a |
mission, | mission |
on | they |
l'éloigna de plus en plus loin, | sent him farther and farther away |
jusqu'en | as far as |
Tunisie, | Tunisia |
où | where |
l'on | they |
voulut | wanted |
même | even |
un | one |
jour | day |
honorer | to honor |
sa | his |
bravoure, | bravery |
en | by |
le | him |
chargeant | assigning |
d'une mission | to a mission |
qui | which |
l'aurait sûrement fait | would certainly have him |
massacrer, | killed |
dans | in |
les | the |
parages | area |
pù | where |
le | the |
marquis de Morès | The marquis de Morès was an editor for La Libre Parole (Free Speech), an anti-Semitic newspaper of the day. In 1892, he killed one Armand Mayer, a Jewish army officer, in a duel and was made to stand trial. Although de Morès was condemned in the press for stirring up religious hatred, the jury acquitted him. |
a trouvé la mort. | had been killed |
Il | he |
n'était pas | was not |
en | in |
disgrace, | disgrace |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Gonse | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917) Deputy chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence. When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
entretenait | kept up |
avec | with |
lui | him (Picquart) |
une | |
correspondance | correspondence |
amicale. | friendly |
Seulement, | only |
il est | there are |
des | not translated |
secrets | secrets |
qu'il ne fait pas bon | that it is unwise |
d'avoir | to have |
surpris. | discovered |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
À | In |
Paris, | Paris |
la | not translated |
vérité | truth |
marchait, | was marching on |
irrésistible, | irresistible |
et | and |
l'on | one |
sait | knows |
de quelle faÁon | how, in what manner |
l'orage | the storm |
attendu | expected |
éclata. | broke out |
M. | Mr. |
Mathieu Dreyfus | Dreyfus, Mathieu (1857-1930) Brother of Alfred |
dénonça | denounced |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
Esterhazy | Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923) An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
comme | as |
le | the |
véritable | real |
auteur | author |
du | of the |
bordereau | note, slip, memorandum (there is no exact equivalent in English): A secret military document deliveered to the German embassy in Paris and intercepted by French Intelligence. Although the bordereau was unsigned, handwriting experts testified under pressure from military authorities that it had been written by Alfred Dreyfus. |
au | at the |
moment | moment |
où | when |
M. | Mr. |
Scheurer-Kestner | Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste (1833-99): Vice-president of the Senate (1895-98). After gathering information on the Dreyfus Affair, he became convinced of Dreyfus's innocence and conducted a press campaign for his rehabilitation. |
allait | was going |
déposer, | to place |
entre | in |
les | the |
mains | hands |
du | of the |
garde des Sceaux, | Minister of Justice |
une | |
demande | request |
en | for a |
révision | revision |
du | of the |
procès. | trial |
Et | and |
c'est | it is |
ici | here |
que | that |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
Esterhazy | Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand(1847-1923): An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
paraît. | makes an appearance |
Des | not translated |
témoignages | witnesses |
le | him |
montrent | declare |
d'abord | at first |
affolé, | in a state of panic |
prêt | ready |
au suicide | to commit suicide |
ou | or |
à la fuite. | to flee |
Puis, | then |
tout d'un coup, | all of a sudden |
il | he |
paye d'audace, | becomes extremely bold |
il | he |
étonne | astonishes |
Paris | Paris |
par | by |
la | the |
violence | violence |
de | of |
son | his |
attitude. | attitude |
C'est que | it is because |
du | not translated |
secours | help |
lui | to him |
était venu, | had come |
il | he |
avait reçu | had received |
une | |
lettre | letter |
anonyme | anonymous |
l'avertissant | warning him |
des | about the |
menées | actions |
de | of |
ses | his |
ennemis, | enemies |
une | |
dame | lady |
mystérieuse | mysterious |
s'était même dérangée | had even taken the trouble |
de nuit | one night |
pour | to |
lui | him |
remettre | give |
une | |
pièce | document |
volée | stolen |
à | from |
l'état-major, | the General Staff |
qui | which |
devait | was supposed |
le | him |
sauver. | to save |
Et | and |
je | |
ne puis | cannot |
m'empêcher | prevent myself |
de | from |
retrouver | seeing once again |
là | in this incident |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
du Paty de Clam, | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916): A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
en | by |
reconnaissant | recognizing |
les | the |
expédients | expedients |
de | of |
son | his |
imagination | imagination |
fertile. | fertile |
Son | his |
oeuvre, | handiwork |
la | the |
culpabilité | guilt |
de | of |
Dreyfus, | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
était | was |
en | in |
péril, | danger |
et | and |
il | il |
a voulu | wanted |
sûrement | certainly |
défendre | to defend |
son | his |
oeuvre. | handiwork |
La | the |
révision | revision |
du | of the |
procès, | trial |
mais | but |
c'était | it was |
l'écroulement | the end |
du | of the |
roman-feuilleton | cheap novel |
si | so |
extravagant, | outlandish |
si | so |
tragique, | tragic |
dont | whose |
le | not translated |
dénouement | conclusion |
abominable | abominable |
a lieu | is taking place |
à | on |
l'île du Diable! | Devil's Island, a penal colony off the coast of French Guyana where Dreyfus was serving a life sentence. |
C'est | this is |
ce qu'il | what he |
ne pouvait | could not |
permettre. | allow to happen |
Dès lors, | from then on |
le | |
duel | duel |
va | is going |
avoir lieu | to take place |
entre | between |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
Picquart | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914): Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus's conviction. After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
et | and |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
du Paty de Clam, | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916): A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
l'un | the former |
le visage découvert, | openly |
l'autre | the latter |
masqué. | masked |
On les retrouvera | we will find them |
Prochainement | soon |
tous deux | both |
devant | in |
la | the |
justice civile. | civil courts |
Au fond, | behind it all |
c'est | is |
toujours | as always |
l'état-major | the General Staff |
qui | which |
se défend, | continues to defend itself |
qui | which |
ne veut pas | does not want |
avouer | to admit |
son | its |
crime, | crime |
dont l'abomination | the abominable nature of which |
grandit | increases |
d'heure en heure. | with every passing hour |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
On s'est demandé | people wondered |
avec stupeur | in a daze |
quels | who |
étaient | were |
les | the |
protecteurs | protectors |
du | of |
commandant | Major |
Esterhazy. | Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923): An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
C'est | it is |
d'abord, | first of all |
dans l'ombre, | behind the scenes |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
du Paty de Clam | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916) A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
qui | who |
a tout machiné, | orchestrated the whole thing |
a tout conduit. | led the whole thing |
Sa | his |
main | hand |
se trahit | is evident |
aux | in the |
moyens | means used |
saugrenus. | absurd, ludicrous |
Puis, | then |
c'est | it is |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Boisdeffre, | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Charles (1839-1919): Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
c'est | it is |
le | not translated |
Gonse, | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917): Deputy chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence. When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
c'est | it is |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot | Billot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907): Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
lui-même, | himself |
qui | who |
sont | are |
bien | then |
obligés | obliged |
de | to |
faire acquitter le commandant, | have the major (Esterhazy)acquitted |
puisqu'ils | since they |
ne peuvent | cannot |
laisser reconnaître | allow to be recognized |
l'innocence | the innocence |
de | of |
Dreyfus, | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
sans que | without |
les | the |
bureaux de la guerre | War Office |
croulent | collapsing |
dans | amid |
le | not translated |
mépris | scorn |
publique. | public |
Et | and |
le | the |
beau | marvelous |
résultat | result |
de | of |
cette | this |
situation | situation |
prodigieuse | prodigious |
est | is |
que | that |
l'honnête homme, | the one decent man |
là-dedans, | involved |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
Picquart, | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914): Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus's conviction. After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
qui | who |
seul | alone |
a fait | did |
son | his |
devoir, | duty |
va | is going |
être | to be |
la | the |
victime, | victim |
celui | the one |
qu'on | they will |
bafouera | scorn |
et | and |
qu'on | they will |
punira. | punish |
Ô justice, | Ah justice |
quelle | what |
affreuse | grievous |
désespérance | despair |
serre | wrenches |
le | the |
coeur! | heart |
On va jusqu'à dire | they are even saying |
que | that |
c'est | it is |
lui | he |
le | the |
faussaire, | forger |
qu'il | that he |
a fabriqué | forged |
la | the |
carte-télégramme | letter-telegram |
pour | in order |
perdre | to ruin |
Esterhazy. | Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923): An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
Mais, | but |
grand Dieu! | for God's sake |
pourquoi? | why |
dans | for |
quel | what |
but? | purpose |
donnez | give |
un | |
motif. | motive |
Est-ce que | is it that |
celui-là | he too |
aussi | too |
est payé | is paid |
par | by |
les | the |
juifs? | Jews |
Le | the |
joli | best part |
de | of |
l'histoire | the story |
est | is |
qu'il | that he (Picquart) |
est | is |
justement | in fact |
antisémite. | anti-Semitic |
Oui! | yes |
nous | we |
assistons | are assisting |
à | at |
ce | this |
spectacle | spectacle |
infme, | infamous |
des | not translated |
hommes | men |
perdus | wallowing |
de | in |
dettes | debts |
et | and |
crimes | crimes |
dont | whose |
on proclame l'innocence, | innocence is proclaimed |
tandis qu'on | while people |
frappe | are attacking |
l'honneur | the honor |
même, | very |
un | (of ) a |
homme | man |
à la vie sans tche! | with an unblemished character |
Quand | when |
une | |
société | society |
en est là, | reaches this point |
elle | it |
tombe | is falling |
en | into |
décomposition. | decay |
Voilà | this is |
donc, | then |
monsieur le Président, | Mr. President (Félix Faure (1841-99): sixth president of the Third Republic (1895-99) |
l'affaire Esterhazy: | the Esterhazy affair |
un | |
coupable | guilty man |
qu'il s'agissait | who had to be |
d'innocenter. | proven innocent |
Depuis | for |
bientôt | close to |
deux | two |
mois, | months |
nous | we |
pouvons | have been able to |
suivre | follow |
heure | hour |
par | by |
heure | hour |
la belle besogne. | the whole sorry business |
J'abrège, | I cite only a brief version of events |
car | for |
ce n'est ici, | this is |
en gros, | on the whole |
que | only |
le | the |
résumé | overview |
de | of |
l'histoire | the story |
dont | whose |
les | not translated |
brûlantes | tumultuous |
pages | pages |
seront | will be |
un | one |
jour | day |
écrites | written |
tout au long. | in full |
Et | and |
nous | we |
avons donc vu | have thus seen |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Pellieux, | Pellieux, Georges-Gabriel de (1842-1900): Military commander of the département of the Seine. He conducted two inquiries concerning Major Esterhazy and concluded there were no grounds for accusing him of misconduct in the Dreyfus Affair. |
puis | then |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
Ravary, | Ravary, Alexandre-Alfred: Conducted the inquiry preceding Esterhazy's trial in 1897. After having the bordereau re-examined by experts, Ravary concluded the case should be dismissed for lack of evidence. He wrote a report on the inquiry absolving Esterhazy of guilt. |
conduire | conduct |
une | an |
enquête | inquiry, investigation |
scélérate | ignoble |
d'où | from which |
les | the |
coquins | rogues |
sortent | emerge |
transfigurés | transfigured |
et | and |
les | the |
honnêtes | decent |
gens | people |
salis. | disgraced |
Puis, | then |
on a convoqué | they convened |
le | the |
conseil de guerre. | court martial |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Comment | how |
a-t-on pu | could they have |
espérer | hope |
qu'un | that a |
conseil de guerre | court martial |
déferait | would undo |
ce qu'un | what a |
conseil de guerre | court martial |
avait fait? | had already done |
Je | |
ne parle même pas | am not even speaking |
du | of the |
choix | choice |
toujours | always |
possible | possible |
des juges. | of judges |
L'idée | the idea |
supérieur | lofty |
de | of |
discipline, | discipline |
qui | which |
est | is |
dans | in |
le | the |
sang | blood |
de | of |
ces | these |
soldats, | soldiers |
ne suffit-elle à | is it not enough |
infirmer | to impair |
leur | their |
pouvoir d'équité? | power to judge fairly |
Qui | who |
dit | speaks of |
discipline | discipline |
dit | speaks of |
obéissance. | obedience |
Lorsque | when |
le | the |
Ministre de la Guerre, | War Minister |
le | the |
grand chef, | supreme commander |
a établi | has established |
publiquement, | publicly |
aux | to the |
acclamations | acclamations |
de | of |
la | the |
représentation nationale, | national representatives |
l'autorité | the authority |
de | of |
la | the |
chose jugée, | original verdict |
vous voulez | do you expect |
qu'un | that a |
conseil de guerre | court martial |
lui donne un formel démenti? | to formally refute his judgment |
Hiérarchiquement, | hierarchically |
cela | that |
est | is |
impossible. | impossible |
Le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot | Billot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907): Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
a suggestionné les juges | made certain innuendoes to the judges |
par | in |
sa | his |
déclaration, | statement |
et | and |
ils ont jugé | they judged |
comme | as |
ils | they |
doivent | would |
aller au feu, | had they been going into battle |
sans | without |
raisonner. | reasoning |
L'opinion | the opinion |
préconçue | preconceived |
qu'ils | that they |
ont apportée | brought |
sur leur siège, | to the judges' bench |
est | is |
évidemment | of course |
celle-ci: | this |
«Dreyfus | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to lilfe imprisonment. |
a été condamné | was condemned |
pour | for |
crime | a crime |
de | of |
trahison | treason |
par | by |
un | |
conseil de guerre, | court martial |
il | he |
est | is |
donc | therefore |
coupable; | guilty |
et | and |
nous, | we |
conseil de guerre, | the court martial |
nous | we |
ne pouvons | cannot |
le | him |
déclarer | declare |
innocent; | innocent |
or | now |
nous | we |
savons | know |
que | that |
reconnaître | to recognize |
la | the |
culpabilité | guilt |
d'Esterhazy, | of Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923): An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
ce serait | would be |
proclamer | to proclaim |
l'innocence | the innocence |
de | of |
Dreyfus.» | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
Rien | nothing |
ne pouvait | could |
les | them |
faire | make |
sortir | budge |
de | from |
là. | that position |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Ils | they |
ont rendu | reached |
une | an |
sentence | verdict |
inique, | iniquitous |
qui | which |
à jamais | forever |
pèsera | will weigh heavy |
sur | upon |
nos | our |
conseils de guerre, | court martials |
qui | which |
entachera | will taint |
désormais, | from now on |
de | with |
suspicion | suspicion |
tous | all |
leurs | their |
arrêts. | decisions |
Le | the |
premier | first |
conseil de guerre | court martial |
a pu être | may have been |
inintelligent, | unintelligent |
le | the |
second | second |
est | is |
forcément | without a doubt |
criminel. | criminal |
Son | its |
excuse, | excuse |
je | |
le | it |
répète, | repeat |
est | is |
que | that |
le | the |
chef suprême | supreme commander |
avait parlé, | had spoken |
déclarant | declaring |
la | the |
chose jugée | verdict |
inattaquable, | unattackable |
sainte | holy |
et | and |
supérieure | superior |
aux | to |
hommes, | all men |
de sorte que | so that |
des | not translated |
inférieurs | subordinates |
ne pouvaient | could not |
dire le contraire. | contradict him |
On | they |
nous | to us |
parle | speak |
de | of |
l'honneur | the honor |
de | of |
l'armée, | the army |
on | they |
veut que | want |
nous | us |
l'aimions, | to love it |
la | it |
respections. | to respect |
Ah! | Ah |
certes, | certainly |
oui, | yes |
l'armée | the army |
qui | which |
se lèverait | would rise up |
à | at |
la | the |
première | first |
menace, | hint of danger |
qui | which |
défendrait | would defend |
la | not translated |
terre | soil |
franÁaise, | French |
elle | it |
est | is |
tout le peuple, | all the people of France |
et | and |
nous | we |
n'avons | we have |
pour | for |
elle | it (the army) |
que | only |
tendresse | affection |
et | and |
respect. | respect |
Mais | but |
il ne s'agit pas d'elle, | we are not talking about the army |
dont nous voulons justement la dignité | whose dignity we so much desire |
dans | in |
notre | our |
besoin | need |
de | for |
justice. | justice |
Il s'agit du | what is at issue here is the |
sabre, | sabre |
le | the |
maître | master |
qu'on | that they |
nous | on us |
imposera | will impose |
demain | tomorrow |
peut-être. | perhaps |
Et | and |
baiser | shall we kiss |
dévotement | devoutly |
la | the |
poignée | hilt |
du | of this |
sabre, | sabre |
le dieu, | this god |
non! | no |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Je | |
l'ai démontré | have demonstrated this |
d'autre part: | elsewhere |
l'affaire Dreyfus | the Dreyfus Affair: The twelve-year controversy surrounding the trial and conviction for treason of Captain Alfred Dreyfus in 1894. When it became obvious after the trial that Dreyfus was innocent, high-ranking military officials perpetrated a massive coverup to protect the army's reputation. The affair provoked a bitter controversy that divided the country between pro-Dreyfus and anti-Dreyfus forces. |
était | was |
l'affaire | the affair |
des | of the |
bureaux de la guerre, | War Office |
un | an |
officier | officer |
de | of |
l'état-major | the General Staff |
dénoncé | denounced |
par | by |
ses | his |
camarades | fellow officers |
de | on |
l'état-major, | the General Staff |
condamné | condemned |
sous | under |
la | not translated |
pression | pressure |
des | from the |
chefs | chiefs |
de | of |
l'état-major. | the General Staff |
Encore une fois, | once again |
il | he |
ne peut | cannot |
revenir | emerge |
innocent | innocent |
sans que | without |
tout | the whole |
l'état-major | General Staff |
soit | being |
coupable. | guilty |
Aussi | thus |
les | the |
bureaux, | War Office |
par | by (using) |
tous | all |
les | the |
moyens | means |
imaginables, | imaginable |
par | by |
des | not translated |
campagnes | campaigns |
de presse, | press |
par | by |
des | not translated |
communications, | communiqués |
par | by |
des | not translated |
influences, | insinuations |
n'ont-ils couvert | covered for |
Esterhazy | Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand (1847-1923): An officer in the French army who offered to sell information to the German military attaché in Paris to pay gambling debts. Evidence proved him to be the real culprit in the Dreyfus Affair. |
que pour | in order to |
perdre | to convict |
une | |
seconde | second |
fois | time |
Dreyfus. | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
Quel | what |
coup de balai | a clean sweep |
le | the |
gouvernement | government |
républicain | republican |
devrait | should |
donner | make |
dans | in |
cette | that |
jésuitière, | nest of Jesuits |
ainsi que | as |
les | them |
appelle | calls |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot | Billot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907): Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
lui-même! | himself |
Où | where |
est-il, | is it |
le | the |
ministère | ministry |
vraiment | really |
fort | strong |
et | and |
d'un | of a |
patriotisme | patriotism |
sage, | wise |
qui | which |
osera | will dare |
tout | everything |
y | there |
refondre | to overhaul |
et | and |
tout | everything |
y | there |
renouveler? | to renew |
Que de gens | there are so many people |
je | |
connais | know |
qui, | who |
devant | at the thought of |
une | |
guerre | war |
possible, | possible |
tremblent | tremble |
d'angoisse, | with anguish |
en | not translated |
sachant | knowing |
dans | in |
quelles | what |
mains | hands |
est | is |
la | the |
défense | defence |
nationale! | national |
Et | and |
quel | what a |
nid | nest |
de | of |
basses | base |
intrigues, | intrigue |
de | of |
commérages, | gossip |
et | and |
de | of |
dilapidations, | slander |
est devenu | has become |
cet | that |
asile | refuge |
sacré, | sacred |
où | where |
se décide | is decided |
le | the |
sort | fate |
de | of |
la | the |
patrie! | country |
On | People |
s'épouvante | are terrified |
devant | at |
le | the |
jour | light |
terrible | appalling |
que | which |
vient d'y jeter | has just shed on it |
l'affaire Dreyfus, | the Dreyfus Affair: The twelve-year controversy surrounding the trial and conviction for treason of Captain Alfred Dreyfus in 1894. When it became obvious after the trial that Dreyfus was innocent, high-ranking military officials perpetrated a massive coverup to protect the army's reputation. The affair provoked a bitter controversy that divided the country between pro-Dreyfus and anti-Dreyfus forces. |
ce | this |
sacrifice | sacrifice |
humain | human |
d'un | of an |
malheureux, | unfortunate man |
d'un | of a |
«sale | dirty |
juif!» | Jew |
Ah! | Ah |
tout ce qui s'est agité là | how much there has been |
de | of |
démence | madness |
et | and |
de | of |
sottise, | stupidity |
des | of |
imaginations | fantasies |
folles, | unrestrained |
des | of |
pratiques | tactics |
de basse police, | low police |
des | of |
moeurs | methods |
d'inquisition | inquistorial |
et | and |
de tyrannie, | tyrannical |
le | the |
bon plaisir | amusement |
de | of |
quelques | a few |
galonnés | uniforms |
mettant | stepping with |
leurs | their |
bottes | boots |
sur | on |
la | the |
nation, | nation |
lui rentrant dans la gorge | stuffing down its throat |
son | its |
cri | cries |
de | for |
vérité | truth |
et | and |
de | for |
justice, | justice |
sous | on |
le | the |
prétexte | pretext |
menteur | deceitful |
et | and |
sacrilège | sacriligious |
de | of |
la | the |
raison d'État! | good of the state |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Et | and |
c'est | it is |
un | |
crime | crime |
encore | another |
que de s'être appuyé | to have depended |
sur | upon |
la | the |
presse | press |
immonde, | vile |
que de s'être laissé | to have let themselves |
défendre | be defended |
par | by |
toute | all |
la | the |
fripouille | scoundrels |
de | in |
Paris, | Paris |
de sorte que | so that |
voilà | we now see |
la | the |
fripouille | scoundrels |
qui triomphe | triumphing |
insolemment, | insolently |
dans | in |
la | the |
défaite | defeat |
du | of |
droit | law |
et | and |
de | of |
la | not translated |
simple | simple |
probité. | integrity |
C'est | it is |
un | |
crime | crime |
d'avoir accusé | to have accused |
de | of |
troubler | agitating |
la France | France |
ceux | those |
qui | who |
la | it |
veulent | wish |
généreuse, | generous |
à | at |
la | the |
tête | head |
des | of |
nations | nations |
libres | free |
et | and |
justes, | just |
lorsqu'on | when those who committed the crime |
ourdit | were hatching |
soi-même | themselves |
l'impudent | the insolent |
complot | plot |
d'imposer | to impose |
l'erreur, | the lie |
devant | on |
le | the |
monde | world |
entier. | entire |
C'est | it is |
un | |
crime | crime |
d'égarer | to lead astray |
l'opinion, | opinion |
d'utiliser | to use |
pour une besogne de mort | for death-dealing work |
cette | that |
opinion | opinion |
qu'on | that they |
a pervertie | perverted |
jusqu'à | to the point of |
la faire délirer. | causing delirium |
C'est | it is |
un | |
crime | crime |
d'empoisonner | to poison |
les | not translated |
petits | ordinary folk |
et | and |
les | not translated |
humbles, | humble folk |
d'exaspérer | to exacerbate |
les | not translated |
passions | passions |
de réaction | reactionary |
et | and |
d'intolérance, | intolerant |
en | while |
s'abritant | taking shelter |
derrière | behind |
l'odieux | the odious |
anti-sémitisme, | anti-Semitism |
dont | from which |
la | the |
grande | great |
France | France |
libérale | liberal |
des | of the |
droits | rights |
de | of |
l'homme | Man |
mourra, | will die |
si | if |
elle | it |
n'en est pas guérie. | is not cured of it |
C'est | it is |
un | |
crime | crime |
que | not translated |
d'exploiter | to exploit |
le | not translated |
patriotisme | patriotism |
pour | for |
les | the |
oeuvres de haine, | purposes of hatred |
et | and |
c'est | it is |
un | |
crime, | crime |
enfin, | finally |
que | not translated |
de faire du sabre | to make the sabre |
le | the |
dieu | god |
moderne, | modern |
lorsque | when |
toute | all |
la | not translated |
science | science |
humain | human |
est | is |
au travail | working |
pour | for |
l'oeuvre prochaine | the imminent triumph |
de | of |
vérité | truth |
et | and |
de | of |
justice. | justice |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Cette | this |
vérité, | truth |
cette | this |
justice, | justice |
que | which |
nous | we |
avons | have |
si | so |
passionément | passionately |
voulues, | desired |
quelle | what |
détresse | distress |
à | to |
les | them |
voir | see |
ainsi | thus |
souffletées, | slapped in the face |
plus méconnues | rendered unrecognizable |
et | and |
plus | more |
obscurcies! | obscure |
Je | |
me doute de | can guess |
l'écroulement | the crushing anguish |
qui | which |
doit | must |
avoir lieu | be taking place |
dans | in |
l'âme | the soul |
de | of |
M. | Mr. |
Scheurer-Kestner, | Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste (1833-99): Vice-president of the Senate (1895-98). After gathering information on the Dreyfus Affair, he became convinced of Dreyfus's innocence and conducted a press campaign for his rehabilitation. |
et | and |
je | |
crois | believe |
bien | fully |
qu'il | that he |
finira | will end up |
par | by |
éprouver | feeling |
un | not translated |
remords, | remorse |
celui | that |
de | of |
n'avoir pas | not having |
agi | acted |
révolutionnairement, | in a revolutionary manner |
le | the |
jour | day |
de | of |
l'interpellation | the questioning |
au | before the |
Sénat, | Senate |
en | by |
lâchant tout le paquet, | revealing everything |
pour | in order to |
tout jeter à bas. | strip away all the masks |
Il | he |
a été | was |
le | the |
grand | great |
honnête | decent |
homme, | man |
l'homme de sa vie loyale, | a man proud of his honest life |
il | he |
a cru | believed |
que | that |
la | the |
vérité | truth |
se suffisait à | was enough in |
elle-même | itself |
surtout | especially |
lorsqu'elle | when it |
lui | to him |
apparaissait | appeared |
éclatante | as strikingly clear |
comme | as |
le plein jour. | daylight |
À quoi bon | what was the use |
tout | everything |
bouleverser, | of upsetting |
puisque | since |
bientôt | soon |
le | the |
soleil | sun |
allait | was going |
luire? | to shine |
Et | and |
c'est | it is |
de | not translated |
cette | this |
sérénité | serenity |
confiante | confident |
dont | for which |
il | he |
est | was |
si | so |
cruellement | cruelly |
puni. | punished |
De même | the same is true |
pour | for |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
Picquart, | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914): Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus's conviction. After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
qui, | who |
par | through a |
un | |
sentiment | feeling |
de | of |
haute | lofty |
dignité, | dignity |
n'a pas voulu | did not want |
publier | to publish |
les | the |
lettres | letters |
du | of |
général | General |
Gonse. | Gonse, Charles-Arthur (1838-1917): Deputy chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence. When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
Ces | these |
scrupules | scruples |
l'honorent | honor him |
d'autant plus | all the more |
que, | since |
pendant qu'il | while he |
restait | was being |
respectueux | respectful |
de | of |
la | not translated |
discipline, | discipline |
ses | his |
supérieurs | superiors |
le faisait couvrir de boue, | were dragging his name through the mud |
instruisaient | were conducting |
eux-mêmes | themselves |
son procès, | his pre-trial investigation |
de | in |
la | the |
façon | manner |
la | the |
plus | most |
inattendue | inconceivable |
et | and |
la | the |
plus | most |
outrageante. | outrageous |
Il y a | there are |
deux | two |
victimes, | victims |
deux | two |
braves | courageous |
gens, | people |
deux | two |
coeurs simples, | good-hearted men |
qui | who |
ont laissé faire Dieu, | waited for God to act |
tandis que | while |
le | the |
diable | devil |
agissait. | was hard at work |
Et | and |
l'on | we |
a même vu, | have even seen |
pour | concerning |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
Picquart, | Picquart, Georges (1854-1914): Appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau two years after Dreyfus's conviction. After examining the evidence in the Dreyfus Affair, he concluded the guilty party was in fact Major Esterhazy. Picquart's attempt to reopen the case resulted in his removal from office. |
cette | this |
chose | thing |
ignoble: | disgraceful |
un | |
tribunal | court |
français, | French |
après | after |
avoir | having |
laissé | allowed |
le | the |
rapporteur | rapporteur |
charger | to bring charges against |
publiquement | publicly |
un | |
témoin, | witness |
l'accuser | to accuse him |
de | of |
toutes les fautes, | every wrongdoing |
a fait le huis clos, | held its session behind closed doors |
lorsque | when |
ce | this |
témoin | witness |
a été | was |
introduit | called upon |
pour | to |
s'expliquer | explain his actions |
et | and |
se défendre. | to defend himself |
Décidément, | decidedly |
les | the |
tribunaux | courts |
militaires | military |
se font | have |
une | an |
singulière | odd |
idée | idea |
de | of |
la | not translated |
justice. | justice |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Telle | such |
est | is |
donc | thus |
la | the |
simple | simple |
vérité, | truth |
monsieur le Président, | Mr. President: Félix Faure (1841-99) sixth president of the Third Republic (1895-99) |
et | and |
elle | it |
est | is |
effroyable, | appalling |
elle | it |
restera | will remain |
pour | for |
votre | your |
présidence | presidency |
une | |
souillure. | blot, blemish |
Je | |
me doute bien | know very well |
que | that |
vous | you |
êtes | are |
le | the |
prisonnier | prisoner |
de | of |
la | the |
Constitution | Constitution |
et | and |
de | of |
votre | your |
entourage. | entourage |
Vous | you |
n'en avez pas moins | have nevertheless |
un | |
devoir d'homme, | man's duty |
auquel | which |
vous | you |
songerez, | will consider |
et | and |
que | which |
vous | you |
remplirez. | will fulfil |
Ce n'est pas, | it is not |
d'ailleurs, | moreover |
que | that |
je | |
désespère | despair |
le moins du monde | the slightest |
du | of |
triomphe. | seeing justice triumph |
Je | |
le | it |
répète | repeat |
avec | with |
une | |
certitude | certainty |
plus | even more |
véhémente: | vehement |
la | not translated |
vérité | truth |
est | is |
en marche | on the march |
et | and |
rien | nothing |
ne l'arrêtera. | will stop it |
C'est | it is |
d'aujourd'hui | today |
seulement | only |
que | that |
l'affaire | the Affair (the Dreyfus Affair) |
commence, | begins |
puisque | because |
aujourd'hui | today |
seulement | only |
les | the |
positions | positions |
sont | are |
nettes; | clear |
d'une part, | on one hand |
les | the |
coupables | guilty ones |
qui | who |
ne veulent pas que | do not want |
la | the |
lumière | light |
se fasse; | to be shed |
de l'autre, | on the other hand |
les | the |
justiciers | men of justice |
qui | who |
donneront | will give |
leur | their |
vie | life |
pour qu'elle | so that justice |
soit | be |
faite. | carried out |
Je | |
l'ai dit | have said it |
ailleurs, | elsewhere |
et | and |
je | |
le | it |
répète | repeat |
ici: | here |
quand | when |
on | they |
enferme | bury |
la | the |
vérité | truth |
sous terre, | underground |
elle | it |
s'y amasse, | builds up |
elle | it |
y | there |
prend | takes on |
une force | the power |
telle d'explosion, | of an explosion |
que, | so that |
le | the |
jour | day |
où | when |
elle | it |
éclate, | bursts |
elle | it |
fait tout sauter | explodes everything |
avec | with |
elle. | it |
On verra bien | we will see |
si | if |
l'on | we |
ne vient pas de préparer, | have not been preparing |
pour | for |
plus tard, | a later time |
le | the |
plus | most |
retentissant | resounding |
des | of |
désastres. | disasters |
Mot | Annotation |
---|---|
Mais | but |
cette | this |
lettre | letter |
est | is |
longue, | long |
monsieur le Président | Mr. President: Félix Faure (1841-99) sixth president of the Third Republic (1895-99) |
et | and |
il | it |
est | is |
temps | time |
de | not translated |
conclure. | to conclude |
J'accuse | I accuse |
le | not translated |
lieutenant-colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
du Paty de Clam | Du Paty de Clam, Armand (1853-1916): A deputy chief in the War Ministry at the start of the Dreyfus Affair, he was in charge of the preliminary investigation. He distorted facts and aggravated tensions due to an overactive imagination and a taste for intrigue. |
d'avoir été | of having been |
l'ouvrier | the agent |
diabolique | diabolic |
de | of |
l'erreur judiciaire, | the miscarriage of justice |
en inconscient, | unwittingly |
je veux | I am willing |
le croire, | to believe, |
et | and |
d'avoir | to have |
ensuite | next |
défendu | defended |
son | his |
oeuvre | action |
néfaste, | evil |
depuis | for |
trois | three |
ans, | years |
par | through |
les | the |
machinations | machinations |
les | the |
plus | most |
saugrenues | absurd, outlandish |
et | and |
le plus coupables. | guiltiest |
J'accuse | I accuse |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Mercier | Mercier, Auguste (1833-1921): Minister of War from December 1893 to January 1895. He was responsible for Dreyfus's conviction and consistently maintained, in the face of all evidence to the contrary, that Dreyfus was guilty. |
de | of |
s'être rendu | having become |
complice, | an accomplice |
tout au moins | at least |
par | through |
faiblesse d'esprit, | weakmindedness |
d'une | of one |
des | of the |
plus grandes | greatest |
iniquités | iniquities |
du | of the |
siècle. | century |
J'accuse | I accuse |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Billot | Billot, Jean-Baptiste (1828-1907): Minister of War from April 1896 to June 1898. He steadfastly refused to consider a revision of Dreyfus's trial. |
d'avoir eu | of having had |
entre les mains | in his hands |
les | not translated |
preuves | proof |
certaines | undeniable |
de | of |
l'innocence | the innocence |
de | of |
Dreyfus | Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935): A Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In 1894, he was falsely charged and convicted of treason, expelled from the army and sentenced to life imprisonment. |
et | and |
de | of |
les | it |
avoir étouffées, | suppressed |
de | of |
s'être rendu | having become |
coupable | guilty |
de | of |
ce | this |
crime de lèse-humanité | crime against humanity |
et | and |
de | not translated |
lèse-justice, | crime against justice |
dans un but politique | for political purposes |
et | and |
pour | to |
sauver | protect |
l'état-major | the General Staff |
compromis. | compromised |
J'accuse | I accuse |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Boisdeffre | Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, Charles (1839-1919): Chief of the General Staff. When the Dreyfus Affair broke out, he played a major role in covering up for his subordinates. |
et | and |
le | not translated |
général | General |
Gonse | Gonse, Charels-Arthur (1838-1917): Deputy chief of the General Staff and directly in charge of Intelligence. When Georges Picquart began to entertain doubts about Dreyfus's guilt, Gonse thwarted his efforts to reopen the investigation by removing Picquart from his post as Head of Intelligence and transferring him to Tunisia. |
de | of |
s'être rendus | having become |
complices | accomplices |
du | to the |
même | same |
crime, | crime |
l'un | the one |
sans doute | no doubt |
par | because of |
passion cléricale, | intense clerical sympathies |
l'autre | the other |
peut-être | perhaps |
par | because of |
cet | this |
esprit de corps | esprit de corps |
qui | which |
fait | makes |
des | of the |
bureaux de la guerre | War Office |
l'arche sainte, | the Holy of Holies |
inattaquable. | unattackable |
J'accuse | I accuse |
le | not translated |
général | General |
de Pellieux | Pellieux, Georges-Gabriel de (1842-1900): Military commander of the département of the Seine. He conducted two inquiries concerning Esterhazy and concluded there were no grounds for accusing him of misconduct in the Dreyfus Affair. |
et | and |
le | not translated |
commandant | Major |
Ravary | Ravary Alexandre-Alfred: Conducted the inquiry preceding Esterhazy's trial in 1897. After having the bordereau re-examined by experts, Ravary concluded the case should be dismissed for lack of evidence. He wrote a report on the inquiry absolving Esterhazy of guilt. |
d'avoir fait | of having conducted |
une | |
enquête | inquiry, investigation |
scélérate, | fiendish |
j'entends | I mean |
par | by |
là | that |
une | an |
enquête | inquiry, investigation |
de | of |
la | the |
plus monstrueuse | most monstruous |
partialité, | partiality |
dont | of which |
nous | we |
avons, | have |
dans | in |
le | the |
rapport | report |
du | of the |
second, | latter (Ravary) |
un | an |
impérissable | unperishable |
monument | monument |
de | of |
naive | naive |
audace. | audacity |
J'accuse | I accuse |
les | the |
trois | three |
experts | experts |
en | in |
écritures, | handwriting |
les sieurs | Messrs. |
Belhomme, | Edmé Belhomme: A graphologist brought in by the military to testify agianst Dreyfus |
Varinard | Pierre Varinard: A graphologist brought in by the military to testify against Dreyfus |
et | and |
Couard, | Émile Couard: A graphologist brought in by the military to testify against Dreyfus |
d'avoir fait | of having made |
des | not translated |
rapports | reports |
mensongers | false |
et | and |
frauduleux, | fraudulent |
à moins qu'un | unless a |
examen | examination |
médical | medical |
ne les déclare | declares them |
atteints | afflicted |
d'une | with |
maladie | impairment |
de | of |
la vue | vision |
et | and |
du | of |
jugement. | judgment |
J'accuse | I accuse |
les | the |
bureaux de la guerre | War Office |
d'avoir mené | to have conducted |
dans | in |
la | the |
presse, | press |
particulièrement | particularly |
dans | in |
L'Éclair | L'Éclair (The Lightning Rod): a newspaper of the time that was strongly anti-Dreyfus |
et | and |
dans | in |
L'Écho de Paris, | L'Écho de Pairs (The Echo of Paris): a newspaper of the time that was strongly anti-Dreyfus |
une | |
campagne | campaign |
abominable, | abominable |
pour | for the purpose of |
égarer | leading astray |
l'opinion | public opinion |
et | and |
couvrir | cover up |
leur | their |
faute. | error |
J'accuse | I accuse |
enfin | finally |
le | the |
premier | first |
conseil de guerre | court martial |
d'avoir violé | of having violated |
le | the |
droit, | law |
en | by |
condamnant | condemning |
un | |
accusé | defendant |
sur | on the basis of |
une | |
pièce | document |
restée | that remained |
secrète, | secret |
et | and |
j'accuse | I accuse |
le | the |
second | second |
conseil de gueerre | court martial |
d'avoir couvert | of having covered up |
cette | this |
illégalité, | illegal action |
par order, | on orders |
en | by |
commettant | committing |
à son tour | in its own turn |
le | the |
crime juridique | judicial crime |
d'acquitter | of acquitting |
sciemment | knowingly |
un | |
coupable. | guilty man |
En | by |
portant | making |
ces | these |
accusations, | accusations |
je | |
n'ignore pas | am aware |
que | that |
je | |
me mets | place myself |
sous le coup | under |
des | not translated |
articles 30 et 31 | Articles 30 and 31 |
de | of |
la | the |
loi | law |
sur | on |
la | the |
presse | press |
du | of |
29 juillet 1881, | July 29, 1881 |
qui | which |
punit | punishes |
les | not translated |
délits de diffamation. | libel |
Et | and |
c'est | it is |
volontairement | voluntarily |
que | that |
je | |
m'expose. | expose myself to the consequences of that law |
Quant | as for |
aux | the |
gens | people |
que | that |
j'accuse, | I accuse |
je | |
ne les connais pas, | do not know them |
je | |
ne les ai jamais vus, | have never seen them |
je | |
n'ai | have |
contre | against |
eux | them |
ni | neither |
rancune | rancour |
ni | nor |
haine. | hatred |
Ils | they |
ne sont | are |
pour | for |
moi | ne |
que | only |
des | not translated |
entités | entities, |
des | not translated |
esprits | spirits |
de | of |
malfaisance | malfeasance |
sociale. | social |
Et | and |
l'acte | the action |
que | that |
j'accomplis | I am taking |
ici | here |
n'est qu'un | is only a |
moyen | means |
révolutionnaire | revolutionary |
pour | to |
hâter | hasten |
l'explosion | the explosion |
de | of |
la | not translated |
vérité | truth |
et | and |
de | of |
la | not translated |
justice. | justice |
Je | |
n'ai | have |
qu'une | only one |
passion, | passion |
celle | that |
de | of |
la | not translated |
lumière, | (shedding) light |
au | in the |
nom | name |
de | of |
l'humanité | humanity |
qui | which |
a | has |
tant | so much |
souffert | suffered |
et | and |
qui | which |
a | has |
droit | the right |
au | to |
bonheur. | happiness |
Ma | my |
protestation | protest |
passionnée | passionate |
n'est que | is only |
le | the |
cri | cry |
de | of |
mon | my |
âme. | soul |
Qu'on | let them |
Ose | dare |
donc | then |
me | me |
traduire | to summon |
en | to a |
cour d'assises | court of law |
et | and |
que | let |
l'enquête | the inquiry, investigation |
ait lieu | be held |
au | in |
grand jour! | broad daylight |
J'attends. | I am waiting |
Veuillez agréer, | Please accept |
monsieur le Président, | Mr. President: Félix Faure (1841-99) sixth president of the Third Republic (1895-99) |
l'assurance | the assurance |
de | of |
mon | my |
profond | profound |
respect. | respect |